Veterinary Rx
[Veterinary Drug Name]
Generic name: Kanamycin Sulfate Injection
Trade name: Ruixin
English name: Kanamycin Sulfate Injection
Pinyin: Liusuan Kanameisu Zhusheye
[Main Ingredients] Kanamycin sulfate
[Description] This drug is of colorless to light yellow or light yellow-green transparent liquid.
[Pharmacological Action] Pharmacodynamics: Kanamycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, shares a comparable antimicrobial spectrum with streptomycin, albeit with enhanced potency. It demonstrates strong antibacterial effects on the majority of Gram-negative bacilli, including Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Salmonella, and Pasteurella multocida, and shows sensitivity towards Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, this drug is ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus excluded), rickettsiae, anaerobic bacteria, and fungi, which exhibit resistance to Kanamycin.
Resistance to kanamycin tends to emerge among sensitive bacteria, akin to what is observed with streptomycin. Cross-resistance is noted between kanamycin and neomycin, as well as a one-way cross-resistance with streptomycin. Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria often develop acquired resistance.
Pharmacokinetics: Upon intramuscular injection, this drug is rapidly absorbed, achieving peak blood levels between 0.5-1.5 hours. It is extensively distributed throughout the body, including in chest and abdominal fluids and solid organs, but it sparingly enters saliva, bronchial secretions, and normal cerebrospinal fluid. During meningitis, the concentration of the drug in cerebrospinal fluid can be approximately doubled. The drug is found in low concentrations in bile and feces. The primary route of excretion is through glomerular filtration, with 40%-80% of the administered dose being eliminated unchanged in urine. Following a single intramuscular injection of 75mg/kg in goats, urine concentrations can reach up to 8300μg/ml after 2 hours. A minimal amount is excreted into milk. The drug exhibits an elimination half-life of 2.1-2.8 hours in horses, water buffalo, cattle, dairy goats, and pigs after intramuscular administration.
[Drug Interaction] (1) The concurrent administration of this drug with penicillins or cephalosporins yields synergistic action.
(2) The antimicrobial action of this drug is potentiated in alkaline conditions, and its combination with alkaline medications (like sodium bicarbonate, aminophylline, etc.) can boost its bactericidal effect, though at the cost of increased toxicity. Beyond a pH level of 8.4, the antimicrobial effect is diminished.
(3) The presence of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, NH4+ and K+ can dampen the antimicrobial efficacy of this drug.
(4) The ototoxic potential of this drug is heightened when it is used in conjunction with cephalosporins, dextrans, potent diuretics (like furosemide), and erythromycin.
(5) The neuromuscular blocking action of this type of drug is intensified by skeletal muscle relaxants (like succinylcholine chloride) or drugs with similar effects.
[Function and Use] Aminoglycoside antibiotic, for the treatment of sepsis and infections of the urinary tracts and respiratory, as well as in porcine dyspnea.
[Dosage and Administration] Intramuscular injection: 0.1–0.15 ml/time per 1 kg of body weight for livestock, twice a day, administered for 3-5 consecutive days.
[Adverse Reaction] (1) Kanamycin exhibits ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity similar to streptomycin, with its ototoxicity surpassing that of streptomycin and gentamicin.
(2) Overdosing often leads to the neuromuscular blocking effects of this drug.
[Precautions] (1) Cross-sensitivity is observed with other aminoglycosides, making this drug contraindicated in patients allergic to this class of antibiotics.
(2) This drug should be used cautiously in patients presenting with dehydration or renal impairment.
(3) The concurrent administration of sodium bicarbonate with this drug can enhance its efficacy in treating urinary tract infections.
(4) The antimicrobial activity of this drug is inhibited by cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, NH4+ and K+.
(5) The ototoxicity of this drug is enhanced by cations such as cephalosporin, dextran, potent diuretic, erythromycin.
[Withdrawal Period] 28 days; 7 days for the weaning period.
[Specification] 10 ml: 1.0 g (1,000,000 units)
[Package] 10ml/pc × 10 pcs/box × 40 boxes/carton
[Storage] It should be sealed for storage.
[Shelf Life] 2 years
[Production License No.] (2022) SYSCZZ No. 08019
[GMP Certificate No.] (2022) SY GMP ZZ No. 08010
[Approval No.] SYZ No. 080191211
[Executive Standard] Volume I of Veterinary Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2020 Edition)
