Veterinary Rx

[Veterinary Drug Name]

Generic name: Gentamicin Sulfate Injection

Trade name: Bolite

English name: Gentamicin Sulfate Injection

Pinyin: Liusuan Qingdameisu Zhusheye

[Main Ingredients] Gentamicin sulfate

[Description] This drug is of colorless to faint yellow or faint yellow-green transparent liquid.

[Pharmacological Action] Pharmacodynamics: Gentamicin, classified as an aminoglycoside antibiotic, exhibits antibacterial effects on numerous Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pasteurella, Salmonella, and so forth, as well as on Staphylococcus aureus, encompassing strains that produce β-lactamase. However, this antibiotic is ineffective against the majority of cocci—like Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis—and against anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides or Clostridium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rickettsia, and fungi.

Pharmacokinetics: This drug demonstrates rapid and complete absorption following intramuscular injection, with peak plasma concentrations achieved within 0.5 to 1 hour. The bioavailability for both subcutaneous and intramuscular administration is over 90%. Predominantly, it is eliminated through glomerular filtration, with the amount excreted constituting 40% to 80% of the dose administered. The elimination half-life post intramuscular injection differs across species: horses exhibit an elimination half-life of 1.8 to 3.3 hours, calves 2.2 to 2.7 hours, dogs and cats 0.5 to 1.5 hours, cows and pigs 1 hour, rabbits 1 to 2 hours, and sheep, buffalo, yellow cattle, and dairy goats 2.3 to 3.2 hours.

[Drug Interaction] (1) Gentamicin may exhibit antagonistic effects when used in combination with tetracyclines, erythromycin, and the like.

(2) The ototoxicity of gentamicin can be potentiated when it is co-administered with cephalosporins, dextrans, potent diuretics (like furosemide), erythromycin, and others.

(3) The neuromuscular blocking effect of gentamicin may be augmented by skeletal muscle relaxants, including succinylcholine chloride and other drugs with similar actions.

[Function and Use] Aminoglycoside antibiotics, for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections.

[Dosage and Administration] Intramuscular injection: 0.05-0.1 ml/time per 1kg of body weight for livestock; 0.075-0.125 ml/time per 1kg of body weight for dogs and cats, twice a day, administered for 2-3 consecutive days.

[Adverse Reaction] (1) Ototoxicity. It often leads to vestibular damage that worsens with cumulative drug exposure and is dose-dependent.

(2) Allergic reactions are infrequent but can occur, with cats being particularly susceptible to the usual dosage, which may result in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, salivation, and ataxia.

(3) Neuromuscular blockade may be induced by high doses, leading to unexpected fatalities in dogs and cats when penicillin is co-administered for infection prevention following general anesthesia for surgery.

(4) Reversible nephrotoxicity is a potential consequence of this medication.

[Precautions] (1) In the treatment of severe infections, gentamicin may be co-administered with β-lactam antibiotics, although mixing them together outside the body is contraindicated.

(2) This drug, when used in conjunction with penicillin, shows synergistic action against streptococci.

(3) The use of gentamicin with cephalosporins may potentiate nephrotoxicity.

[Withdrawal Period] 40 days for pigs, cattle, and sheep.

[Specification] 10ml: 0.4g (400,000 units)

[Package] 10ml/pc × 10 pcs/box × 40 boxes/carton

[Storage] It should be tightly sealed in a cool and dark place for storage.

[Shelf Life] 2 years

[Production License No.] (2022) SYSCZZ No. 08019

[GMP Certificate No.] (2022) SY GMP ZZ No. 08010

[Approval No.] SYZ No. 080191507

[Executive Standard] Volume I of Veterinary Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2020 Edition)