Veterinary Rx

[Veterinary Drug Name]

Generic name: Apramycin Sulfate Premix

Trade name: Xinlitai

English name: Apramycin Sulfate Premix

Pinyin: Liusuan Anpumeisu Yuhunji

[Main Ingredients] Apramycin sulfate

[Description] This drug is of white or off-white powder or granules.

[Pharmacological Action] Pharmacodynamics: Apramycin belongs to the aminoglycoside class of antibacterial agent and exhibits bactericidal activity against various Gram-negative bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pasteurella, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, and Bordetella bronchiseptica), as well as Staphylococcus and mycoplasmas.

The unique chemical structure of apramycin resists inactivation by multiple plasmid-encoded blunting enzymes, making it less prone to resistance from Gram-negative bacteria. Many pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from animals are sensitive to apramycin. Apramycin does not exhibit cross-resistance with other aminoglycosides due to chromosomal mutations.

Pharmacokinetics: Oral administration results in partial absorption, particularly in neonatal livestock, with absorption decreasing as the animal ages. The amount absorbed is dose-dependent. The drug is excreted unchanged via the kidneys. The elimination half life is 4.4 hours in calves and 0.8-1.7 hours in sheep, rabbits, and chickens.

[Drug Interaction] (1) When used together with penicillins or cephalosporins, it exhibits a synergistic effect.

(2) The antibacterial activity of this drug is enhanced in alkaline environments. When used together with alkaline drugs (such as sodium bicarbonate, aminophylline, etc.), its antibacterial efficacy is enhanced, but toxicity is also increased accordingly. Antibacterial activity decreases when pH exceeds 8.4.

(3) This drug can be deactivated by contact with rust.

(4) When used together with cephalosporins, dextran, potent diuretics (such as furosemide), erythromycin, etc., it can enhance ototoxicity of this drug.

(5) Neuromuscular blocking agents (such as succinylcholine chloride) or drugs with such effects can enhance the neuromuscular blockade caused by this drug.

[Function and Use] Aminoglycoside antibiotic, primarily for the treatment of intestinal infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria in pigs.

[Dosage and Administration] On the basis of this drug. Mixed feeding: per 1000kg of fodders, 2.67-3.33kg for pigs, administered for 7 consecutive days.

[Adverse Reaction] (1) Oral administration may damage the intestinal villi, affecting the absorption of fats, proteins, sugars, iron, etc., in the intestine. It can also cause dysbiosis of the intestinal flora, leading to secondary infections by anaerobic bacteria or fungi.

(2) Prolonged or high-dose use may cause nephrotoxicity.

[Precautions] This drug can easily lose efficacy when it comes into contact with rust; fodder mixing equipment should be rust-proof, and it should not be mixed with trace element preparations.

[Withdrawal Period] 21 days for bigs.

[Specification] 100g: 3g (3,000,000 units)

[Package] 100g/packet × 10 packets/box × 8 boxes/carton

[Storage] It should be kept out of light and tightly sealed for storage in a dry place.

[Shelf Life] 2 years

[Production License No.] (2022) SYSCZZ No. 08019

[GMP Certificate No.] (2022) SY GMP ZZ No. 08010

[Approval No.] SYZ No. 080191501

[Executive Standard] Volume I of Veterinary Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2020 Edition)